See the fuller monthly picture.

Replace assumptions with property-specific figures.

Use lender estimates, insurance quotes and HOA documents. Review flood exposure, deductibles and assessments separately. The reserve contribution is planned savings, not an insurance premium or an expense already incurred. Closing costs exclude the down payment; avoid counting prepaid taxes and insurance twice.

First-year cash includes your down payment, closing costs, initial work and twelve months of the modeled budget. It does not measure investment return.